Togo’s opposition rejects constitutional reform to scrap presidential elections

Activists and opposition leaders in Togo are urging protests to prevent the country’s president from approving a new constitution that could allow Faure Gnassingbé to extend his rule by eliminating future presidential elections. The proposed constitution, recently passed by lawmakers, would give parliament the power to choose the president, removing direct elections and potentially leading to Gnassingbé’s re-election in 2025. Critics argue that while the constitution imposes a one-term limit and enhances the power of a new position similar to a prime minister, opposition fears it could be a strategy for Gnassingbé to maintain control. The Catholic Christian clergy has also called for broad consultation before any constitutional changes are made. Despite opposition efforts to rally against the constitutional reform, a news conference was broken up by police, sparking further tensions in the country. Constitutional experts point out that a referendum may be necessary for the adoption of a new constitution in Togo, a nation governed by the same family for over five decades.

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Activists and opposition leaders in Togo called on Wednesday (Mar. 27) for protests to stop the country’s president from signing off on a new constitution that would scrap future presidential elections and could see Faure Gnassingbé extend his rule.

The constitution, which was passed by the country’s lawmakers earlier this week but now awaits President Faure Gnassingbé’s final approval, grants parliament the power to choose the president, doing away with direct elections. This makes it likely that Gnassingbé would be re-elected when his mandate expires in 2025.

Some legal experts say the constitution actually restricts the power of future presidents as it introduces a one-term limit and hands over greater power to a figure similar to a prime minister, officially called the president of the council of minister. But opposition fears the role could become another avenue for Gnassingbé to extend his grip on power.

Indeed, the president of the council of minister will either be “the leader of the party which secures the majority during the legislative elections.” Or the leader of the winning coalition of parties.

The president of the council of ministers will rule for a six-year term with no term limit.

The new constitution also increases presidential terms from five to six years. The almost 20-years that Gnassingbé has served in office, after taking over from his father, would not count toward that tally.

The Catholic Christian clergy has urged the president not to sign the bill into law. “Such an important subject which will profoundly change the political life of the country must give rise to broad consultation and a more inclusive national debate,” say the Conference of Togolese Catholic bishops said in a statement.

They reckoned that the incumbent lawmakers, “should only manage urgent and current affairs”, insisting that it is not appropriate to modify the Constitution during the ongoing campaign period.

They eventually called on Faure Gnassingbé to“engage in an inclusive political dialogue, following the results of the […] legislative and regional elections” scheduled for April 20.

Even if the constitutional reform was passed by lawmakers on Monday (Mar. 25), it is unclear when the changes will come into force.

Police breaks up a news conference
“We know that the struggle will be long and hard, but together with the Togolese people, we will do everything we can to prevent this constitutional coup d’état,” said Eric Dupuy, a spokesman for the opposition National Alliance for Change party.

”We’re calling on the population to reject this, to oppose it massively,” he added.

However, police on Wednesday (Mar. 27) broke up a news conference called by the opposition, throwing leaders and journalists out of the venue.

“The Assembly has no power to revise a constitution,” said Zeus Ajavon, a lecturer in Constitutional Law at the University of Lome. “The power to revise the constitution is vested in it during its term of office.”

Ajavon also argued that a referendum was necessary for the country to adopt a new constitution.

Togo, a nation of around 8 million people, has been ruled by same family for 57 years, initially by Eyadema Gnassingbé and subsequently by his son. Faure Gnassingbé has been in office since 2005 after winning elections that the opposition described as a sham.